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II. 단어장

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  1. FEB 2010-13. The gods strike back
    1. whim [countable]
    2. pur‧port1 [intransitive and transitive]
    3. for‧mi‧da‧ble
    4. horde [countable]
    5. wield [transitive]
    6. sub‧dued
    7. lump1S2 [countable]
    8. cock‧yinformal
    9. coun‧ter‧pro‧duc‧tive
    10. spu‧ri‧ous
    11. hu‧mil‧i‧ty [uncountable]
  2. FEB 2010-12. A search for allies in a hostile world
    1. lurk [intransitive ]
    2. loath‧some
    3. con‧cil‧i‧ate [intransitive and transitive]formal
    4. smoth‧er [transitive]
    5. neigh‧bourS2W2British English ; neighbor American English [countable]
    6. flair
    7. however2
    8. blun‧der1 [countable]
    9. con‧ces‧sion = concede
    10. crack‧down [countable usually singular]
    11. un‧leash [transitive]
    12. cack-hand‧edBritish Englishinformal
    13. im‧pli‧cit
    14. poi‧gnant
    15. bun‧gle [transitive]
    16. en‧fee‧bled
    17. ineptitude [uncountable]formal
    18. her‧met‧ic‧allytechnical
    19. spas‧mod‧ic
    20. lob past tense and past participle lobbed, present participle lobbing [transitive always + adverb/preposition]
    21. rash1
    22. ad‧a‧mant
    23. ex‧tort [transitive]
    24. tug1 past tense and past participle tugged, present participle tugging
    25. in‧ter‧loc‧u‧tor [countable]formal
    26. ex‧ploit1W3 [transitive]
  3. FEB 2010-11. A search for allies in a hostile world
    1. come off
    2. ripple2 [countable]
    3. van‧guard
    4. rem‧i‧nis‧cent
    5. tal‧ly1 plural tallies [countable]
    6. fathom2alsofathom out [transitive]
    7. bid‧da‧ble
    8. boun‧ty plural bounties
    9. dough‧ty [only before noun]literary
    10. blan‧dish‧ments [plural]formal
    11. con‧duit [countable]
  4. FEB 2010-10. Asia's never-closer union
    1. the odd man/one out
    2. em‧phat‧ic
    3. pre‧ce‧dent
    4. string something ↔ out
  5. FEB 2010-9. Outward calm
    1. tur‧moil [singular, uncountable]
    2. out‧skirts [plural]
    3. hand‧ful
    4. up‧heav‧al [uncountable and countable]
    5. pos‧se [countable]
    6. ab‧bot [countable]
    7. defect2 [intransitive]
    8. brim2 past tense and past participle brimmed, present participle brimming [intransitive]
    9. un‧fazed
    10. heir [countable]
    11. in‧car‧na‧tion
    12. wreck‧age [singular, uncountable]
    13. o‧bei‧sance [uncountable and countable]literary
    14. pro‧strate2
    15. un‧nerve [transitive]
    16. de‧tain [transitive]
    17. ex‧pel past tense and past participle expelled, present participle expelling [transitive]
    18. in‧au‧gu‧rate [transitive]
  6. FEB 2010-8. The book of jobs
    1. spec‧u‧la‧tion [uncountable and countable]
    2. verge2
    3. trep‧i‧da‧tion [uncountable]
    4. a new lease of life
    5. wield [transitive]
    6. flop2
    7. something on steroids
    8. plunge1
      1. plunge in
      2. plunge something ↔ in
      3. plunge (somebody/something) into something
  7. JAN 2010-7. Steve Jobs and the iPad of hope
    1. he‧ro‧ics [plural]
    2. in‧ti‧mate1
    3. compelling reason/argument/case etc
    4. e‧lude [transitive]
    5. hith‧er‧toformal
    6. sleek1
    7. fer‧vent
    8. put somebody/something off
    9. clunk‧y
    10. lime‧light [singular, uncountable]
    11. con‧verge [intransitive] convergent
  8. JAN 2010-6. Off-base camp
    1. Gaul
    2. un‧der‧mine [transitive]
    3. plau‧si‧ble
    4. lo‧gis‧tics [plural]
    5. re‧it‧e‧rate [transitive]
    6. thor‧ough
    7. dis‧missW3 [transitive]
    8. slop‧py
    9. de‧plete [transitive usually passive]
  9. JAN 2010-5.
    1. em‧bark [intransitive and transitive]
    2. breath‧tak‧ing
    3. plu‧ral‧is‧m [uncountable]formal
    4. cro‧ny plural cronies [countable usually plural]
    5. sway1
    6. nui‧sanceS3
    7. mastermind2 [transitive]
    8. com‧mem‧o‧rate [transitive]
    9. plea
    10. an‧o‧dyne1formal
    11. un‧e‧quiv‧o‧calformal
    12. prox‧y1 plural proxies
    13. shell‧ing [uncountable]
    14. in‧tel‧li‧genceS3W3 [uncountable]
    15. pres‧tige1 [uncountable]
    16. prel‧ude [countable]
    17. re‧count1 [transitive]
    18. clar‧i‧ty [uncountable]
    19. poised
    20. in‧tri‧guing
    21. hes‧i‧tan‧cyalsohes‧i‧tance [uncountable]
    22. al‧be‧itformal
    23. ten‧ta‧tive
    24. es‧ca‧late [intransitive and transitive]
    25. grip2 past tense and past participle gripped, present participle gripping
    26. caus‧tic
    27. fore‧stall [transitive]formal
    28. cripple2 [transitive]
    29. feud2 [intransitive]
    30. com‧pla‧cent
    31. scru‧ti‧ny [uncountable]
    32. con‧cede
    33. out‧right1 [only before noun]
    34. crack‧down [countable usually singular]
  10. JAN 2010-4. Reaching the poorest
    1. patch‧y
    2. budge [intransitive,transitive usually in negatives]
    3. chunk [countable]
    4. caste [uncountable and countable]
    5. di‧spar‧i‧ty plural disparities [uncountable and countable]formal
    6. sit
    7. floun‧der1 [intransitive]
    8. pu‧pilS2W1 [countable]
  11. JAN 2010-3. Mad, bad and dangerous to know
    1. fol‧ly plural follies
    2. af‧flic‧tion [uncountable and countable] formal
    3. lop also lop off past tense and past participle lopped, present participle lopping [transitive]
    4. tame2 [transitive]
    5. fra‧grant
    6. cen‧te‧na‧ry plural centenariesespecially British Englishalsocen‧ten‧ni‧alespecially American English [countable]
    7. late
    8. mon‧e‧tizealso monetise British English [transitive]technical
    9. at‧tain [transitive]formal
    10. fur‧nish [transitive]
    11. clan‧des‧tine
    12. co‧hort [countable]
    13. fan out
    14. in‧mate [countable]
    15. chick [countable]
    16. flur‧ry plural flurries
    17. mea‧greBritish English ; meager American English
    18. petty bourgeoisalso petit bourgeois
  12. JAN 2010-2. Flowers for a funeral
    1. cen‧sor‧ship [uncountable]
    2. ep‧i‧taph [countable]
    3. long-haul
    4. pull out
    5. al‧leged [only before noun]formal
    6. far-reaching
    7. in‧fu‧ri‧ate [transitive]
    8. o‧blique1
    9. word‧ed
    10. finger-pointing [uncountable]
    11. mul‧ti‧na‧tion‧al1
    12. breach2 [transitive]
    13. scam [countable]informal
    14. fea‧si‧ble
    15. pre‧su‧ma‧blyS1W3
    16. in‧ter‧mit‧tent
    17. dent2
    18. norS2W1
    19. war‧y
    20. un‧pre‧ce‧dent‧ed
    21. ac‧qui‧es‧cent
    22. scru‧ti‧ny [uncountable]
    23. crack‧down [countable usually singular]
    24. dis‧sent1
    25. vig‧i‧lance [uncountable]
    26. un‧scathed [not before noun]
    27. trawl1 [intransitive and transitive]
    28. trans‧gress [intransitive and transitive]formal
    29. tack1
    30. thwart [transitive]formal
    31. im‧ma‧te‧ri‧al
    32. ex‧cuse2S3 [countable]
    33.  men‧tion1S1W1 [transitive]
    34. ad‧ept
    35. trib‧ute [uncountable and countable]
    36. dis‧suade [transitive]
  13. JAN 2010-1. Hell on earth
    1. un‧leash [transitive]
    2. vul‧ne‧ra‧bleW3
    3. map2mapping [transitive]
    4. heart‧rend‧ing
    5. rub‧ble [uncountable]
    6. oust [transitive]
    7. despot
    8. subsistence farming
    9. vi‧talW2
    10. un‧wa‧ver‧ing
    11. pull together phrasal verb

 

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FEB 2010-14. What are they afraid of?

FEB 2010-13. The gods strike back#

whim [countable]#

a sudden feeling that you would like to do or have something, especially when there is no important or good reason
on a whim
I didn't leave just on a whim (=for no good reason).
at the whim of somebody
At work they are at the whim of the boss.
somebody's every whim
Their father had always indulged her every whim.

at whim

He appeared and disappeared at whim.

 

pur‧port1 [intransitive and transitive]#

formalto claim to be or do something, even if this is not true
purport to do something
Two undercover officers purporting to be dealers infiltrated the gang.
be purported to be something
The document is purported to be 300 years old.
—purportedlyadverb:
a portrait purportedly of Shakespeare

for‧mi‧da‧ble#

1very powerful or impressive, and often frightening:
The building is grey, formidable, not at all picturesque.
The new range of computers have formidable processing power.
2difficult to deal with and needing a lot of effort or skill
formidable task/challenge
the formidable task of local government reorganization
—formidablyadverb

horde [countable]#

a large crowd moving in a noisy uncontrolled way
horde of
There were hordes of people inside the station.

wield [transitive]#

1wield power/influence/authority etc
to have a lot of power or influence, and to use it:
The Church wields immense power in Ireland.
2to hold a weapon or tool that you are going to use:
She had her car windows smashed by a gang wielding baseball bats.

sub‧dued#

1subdued lighting, colours etc are less bright than usual [= gentle]
2a person that is subdued is unusually quiet and possibly unhappy:
Richard seems very subdued tonight.
a subdued manner
'Oh,' she said in a subdued voice.
3an activity that is subdued does not have as much excitement as you would expect [≠ lively]:
The housing market is fairly subdued.

4a sound that is subdued is quieter than usual

lump1S2 [countable]#

1a small piece of something solid, without a particular shape:
Strain the custard to remove lumps.
lump of
Melt a lump of butter in your frying-pan.
2a small hard swollen area that sticks out from someone's skin or grows in their body, usually because of an illness:
You should never ignore a breast lump.
3DFa small square block of sugar:
One lump or two?

4

a lump in/to somebody's throat

a feeling that you want to cry:

There was a lump in her throat as she gazed at the child.

 

5

take your lumps

American Englishinformalto accept the bad things that happen and not let them affect you:

According to experts, the company took its lumps but is on the road to profitability.

 

6British Englishspokensomeone who is stupid orclumsy:
He's a big fat lump.

cock‧yinformal#

too confident about yourself and your abilities, especially in a way that annoys other people:
He's a cocky little man and I don't like him.

coun‧ter‧pro‧duc‧tive#

achieving the opposite result to the one that you want:
Sending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive.

spu‧ri‧ous#

1a spurious statement, argument etc is not based on facts or good thinking and is likely to be incorrect:
He demolished the Opposition's spurious arguments.
2insincere:
spurious sympathy

hu‧mil‧i‧ty [uncountable]#

the quality of not being too proud about yourself - use this to show approval [= modesty; ↪ humble]

FEB 2010-12. A search for allies in a hostile world#

lurk [intransitive ]#

1to wait somewhere quietly and secretly, usually because you are going to do something wrong

lurk in/behind/beneath/around etc

She didn't see the figure lurking behind the bushes.

 

2if something such as danger, a feeling etc lurks somewhere, it exists, but you may not see it or know about it:

a dark formless danger, lurking in the shadows

3if you lurk in achat room on the Internet, you read what other people are writing to each other, but you do not write any messages yourself

loath‧some#

very unpleasant or cruel [= repulsive]:
that loathsome little man

con‧cil‧i‧ate [intransitive and transitive]formal#

PPGto do something to make people more likely to stop arguing, especially by giving them something they want:
efforts to conciliate the unions

smoth‧er [transitive]#

1to completely cover the whole surface of something with something else, often in a way that seems unnecessary or unpleasant
smother something with/in something
noodles smothered in garlic sauce
2to kill someone by putting something over their face to stop them breathing [↪ suffocate]:
A teenage mother was accused of smothering her 3-month-old daughter.

3to stop yourself from showing your feelings or from doing an action [= stifle]:

The girls tried to smother their giggles.

 

neigh‧bourS2W2British English ; neighbor American English [countable]#

2a country that is next to another one [↪ bordering]:
Israel and its Arab neighbours

flair#

1 [singular]a natural ability to do something very well [= talent]:
Johas a flair forlanguages.
2 [uncountable]a way of doing things that is interesting and shows imagination
artistic/creative flair
a job for which artistic flair is essential
Irwin has real entrepreneurial flair.

however2#

in whatever way:
You can do it however you like.
If we win the match we'll be delighted, however it happens.
However you look at it, it was a wicked thing to do.

blun‧der1 [countable]#

a careless or stupid mistake:
A last-minute blunder cost them the match.

con‧ces‧sion = concede#

1

something you allow somebody

[countable]something that you allow someone to have in order to end an argument or a disagreement [↪ concede]
concession to
a policy of no concessions to terrorists
The British were not prepared tomakeanyconcessions.
concession on
his readiness to make concessions on many of the issues raised
concession from
We will try to force further concessions from the government.
major/important/substantial concession
The committee haswona number of majorconcessionsfrom the prison authorities.

crack‧down [countable usually singular]#

action that is taken to deal more strictly with crime, a problem, protests etc
crackdown on/against
a military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations
the government's crackdown against drugs

un‧leash [transitive]#

1to suddenly let a strong force, feeling etc have its full effect:
Lefèvre's comments unleashed a wave of protest.
2DHPto let a dog run free after it has been held on aleash

cack-hand‧edBritish Englishinformal#

careless and tending to drop things, or badly done [= clumsy]

im‧pli‧cit#

1suggested or understood without being stated directly [≠ explicit]
implicit criticism/threat/assumption
Her words contained an implicit threat.
His statement is being seen as implicit criticism of the work of research laboratories.
2formalforming a central part of something, but without being openly stated
implicit in
Confidentiality is implicit in your relationship with a counselor.
3complete and containing no doubts
implicit faith/trust/belief
They had implicit faith in his powers.
—implicitlyadverb:
They believed implicitly in their own superiority.

poi‧gnant#

making you feel sad or full of pity
poignant reminder/image/moment etc
a poignant reminder of our nation's great sacrifices

bun‧gle [transitive]#

to fail to do something properly, because you have made stupid mistakes - used especially in news reports:
The whole police operation was bungled.

en‧fee‧bled#

literaryvery weak or ill

ineptitude [uncountable]formal#

lack of skill:

her‧met‧ic‧allytechnical#

hermetically sealed

very tightly closed so that air cannot get in or out [= airtight]

spas‧mod‧ic#

1happening for short irregular periods, not continuously:
spasmodic machine gun fire
2formalormedicalHBof or relating to a muscle spasm:
a spasmodic cough

lob past tense and past participle lobbed, present participle lobbing [transitive always + adverb/preposition]#

1informalto throw something somewhere, especially over a wall, fence etc:
The kids were lobbing pine cones into the neighbor's yard.
2DSTDSCto kick or hit a ball in a slow high curve, especially in a game of tennis or football:
Sampras lobbed the ball high over Chang's head.

rash1#

if you are rash, you do things too quickly, without thinking carefully about whether they are sensible or not [↪ foolish]:
Please Jessie, don't do anything rash.
Don't go making anyrash decisionsabout your future!
It wasratherrash ofyou to lend them your car.

ad‧a‧mant#

determined not to change your opinion or a decision that you have made:
She begged me to change my mind, but Iremained adamant.
adamant that
Michael Jackson is adamant that he will not tour this year.

ex‧tort [transitive]#

SCCto illegally force someone to give you something, especially money, by threatening them [↪ blackmail]
extort something from somebody
Rebelsextorted moneyfrom local villagers.

tug1 past tense and past participle tugged, present participle tugging#

1 [intransitive and transitive]to pull with one or more short, quick pulls:

The woman gently tugged his arm.
tug at/on something

Joe was tugging at her sleeve.

2 [transitive always + adverb/preposition]British Englishto pull a piece of clothing quickly onto your body tug something onAlice was tugging on a sweater

in‧ter‧loc‧u‧tor [countable]formal#

your interlocutor is the person you are speaking to

ex‧ploit1W3 [transitive]#

1to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return - used to show disapproval:
Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers.
2to try to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfairly:
The violence was blamed on thugs exploiting the situation.
3to use something fully and effectively:

The new TV companies are fully exploiting the potential of satellite transmission.

 

 

FEB 2010-11. A search for allies in a hostile world#

come off #

phrasal verb

1

come off (something)

to become removed from something:

The label had come off, so there was no way of knowing what was on the disk.

2

come off (something)

British Englishto fall off something:

Dyson came off his bike as he rounded the last corner, but wasn't badly hurt.

3informalif something that has been planned comes off, it happens:

In the end the trip never came off.

4informalto be successful:

It was a good idea, but it didn't quite come off.

The performance on the first nightcame offprettywell.

5

come off something

MDDto stop taking a drug that you have been taking regularly:

It wasn't until I tried to come off the pills that I realized I was addicted.

6

come off best/better/worst etc

British Englishto gain or lose the most, more, the least etc from a situation:

As far as pensions go, it's still women who come off worst.

7

come off it!

British Englishspokenused to tell someone that you do not believe what they are saying:

Oh come off it! You can't seriously be saying you knew nothing about this.

ripple2 [countable]#

1a small low wave on the surface of a liquid:
ripples on the surface of the pond
She dived into the pool, making scarcely a ripple.
2Ca sound that gets gradually louder and softer:
Aripple of laughterran through the audience.
a ripple of applause
3a feeling that spreads through a person or a group because of something that has happened:
A ripple of excitement went through the crowd as came on stage.

van‧guard#

1

in/at the vanguard (of something)

in the most advanced position of development:

The shop has always been in the vanguard of London fashion trends.

2

the vanguard

PMthe leading position at the front of an army or group of ships moving into battle, or the soldiers who are in this position

rem‧i‧nis‧cent#

1

reminiscent of something

reminding you of something:
a stylestrongly reminiscentof Virginia Woolf's novels
2literarythinking about the past:
Her face wore a reminiscent smile.

tal‧ly1 plural tallies [countable]#

a record of how much you have spent, won etc by a particular point in time:
Thefinal tallywas $465,000.
the two goals thattookhistallyfor Scotland to 15
Keep a tally of (=write down)the number of cars that pass.

fathom2alsofathom out [transitive]#

to understand what something means after thinking about it carefully [= work out]:
I still can't fathom out what she meant.
fathom how/why/where etc
Mark couldn't fathom why she resented him so much.

bid‧da‧ble#

willing to do what you are told without arguing

boun‧ty plural bounties#

1 [countable]an amount of money that is given to someone by the government as a reward for doing something, especially catching or killing a criminal
bounty on
a notorious cattle rustler witha bounty onhishead
2 [uncountable]literaryfood or wealth that is provided in large amounts:

People came from all over the world to enjoy America's bounty.

3 [uncountable]literarythe quality of being generous

dough‧ty [only before noun]literary#

brave and determined

blan‧dish‧ments [plural]formal#

pleasant things that you say in order to persuade or influence someone:
How sensible she had been to resist his blandishments.

con‧duit [countable]#

1technicalTBCa pipe or passage through which water, gas, a set of electric wires etc passes
2formala connection between two things that allows people to pass ideas, news, money, weapons, drugs etc from one place to another
conduit for
Drug traffickers have used the country as a conduit for shipments to the U.S.
 

FEB 2010-10. Asia's never-closer union#

the odd man/one out#

British Englishsomeone or something that is different from the rest of the group or not included in it:

Which shape is the odd one out?
I was always the odd one out at school.

em‧phat‧ic#

1expressing an opinion, idea etc in a clear, strong way to show its importance:

an emphatic denial
emphatic that
Wilde was emphatic that the event should go ahead.

emphatic about

He was pretty emphatic about me leaving.

emphatic win/victory/defeat

 

a win etc in which one team or player wins by a large amount

—emphaticallyadverb

pre‧ce‧dent#

1 [countable]SCLan action or official decision that can be used to give support to later actions or decisions:
set/create a precedent
UN involvement in the country's affairs would set a dangerous precedent.
precedent for
precedents for what courts will accept as 'fair'
2 [uncountable and countable]something of the same type that has happened or existed before
precedent for
There's not much precedent for men taking leave when their baby is born.
without precedent
An epidemic on this scale is without precedent.
3 [uncountable]the way that things have always been done
break with precedent (=do something in a new way)

string something ↔ out#

phrasal verb

informalto make something continue longer than it should:
Rebel leaders attempted to string out negotiations to avoid reaching a settlement.

 

FEB 2010-9. Outward calm#

tur‧moil [singular, uncountable]#

a state of confusion, excitement, or anxiety

political/emotional/economic/religious etc turmoil
the prospect of another week of political turmoil
in (a) turmoil
Ashley gazed at him, her thoughts in turmoil.

out‧skirts [plural]#

the parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre
on the outskirts (of something)
They live on the outskirts of Paris.

hand‧ful#

1 [countable]TMan amount that you can hold in your hand
handful of
The boy picked up a handful of stones and started throwing them at us.
2

a handful of something

a very small number of people or things:
There were only a handful of people there.

3

be a handful

informalsomeone, especially a child, who is a handful is difficult to control:

She's a lovely child, but she can be a bit of a handful sometimes.

up‧heav‧al [uncountable and countable]#

a very big change that often causes problems:
political upheaval
Moving house is amajor upheaval.

pos‧se [countable]#

1informala group of the same kind of people
posse of
I was surrounded by a posse of photographers.
2SCa group of men gathered together by asheriff (=local law officer) in the US in past times to help catch a criminal
3American Englishinformal
a) someone's group of friends - used especially by young people
b) a group of friends from a particular place who share an interest inrap,hip-hop, orhouse music [= massive British English]

ab‧bot [countable]#

RRCa man who is in charge of amonastery (=a place where a group ofmonks live)

defect2 [intransitive]#

PGCto leave your own country or group in order to go to or join an opposing one
defect to/from
a Russian actor who defected to the West

brim2 past tense and past participle brimmed, present participle brimming [intransitive]#

1if your eyes brim with tears, or if tears brim from your eyes, you start to cry
brim with
Her eyes brimmed with tears.
Her tears brimmed over again as she started to speak.
2

be brimming (over) with something

to have a lot of a particular thing, quality, or emotion:
The flowerbeds were brimming over with flowers
He seemed to bebrimming with confidence.
Rob was just brimming with enthusiasm.

un‧fazed#

not confused or shocked by a difficult situation or by something bad that has happened
unfazed by
The Prime Minister appeared to be totally unfazed by the protesters.

heir [countable]#

1SCLthe person who has the legal right to receive the property or title of another person when they die
heir to
John was the sole heir to a vast estate.
heir to the throne (=the person who will become king or queen)
2PBthe person who will take over a position or job after you, or who does things or thinks in a similar way to you:
Jonson was his political heir as leader of the Nationalist Party.

in‧car‧na‧tion#

1 [uncountable and countable]RRthe state of living in the form of a particular person or animal. According to some religions, people have several different incarnations [↪ reincarnation]:
She believes she was an Egyptian queenin a previous incarnation.
2 [countable]a period of time when someone or something has a particular job, use etc:
The building has gone through several incarnations, as a station, cafe, and most recently a club.
3

the/an incarnation of something

someone who has a lot of a particular quality, or represents it:
She was the incarnation of wisdom.
4 [singular]RRCthe act of God coming to Earth in the human form of Christ, according to the Christian religion

wreck‧age [singular, uncountable]#

1the parts of something such as a plane, ship, or building that are left after it has been destroyed in an accident:
Firemen managed to pull some survivors from the wreckage.
wreckage of
Accident investigators will examine the wreckage of the plane.
2the parts of someone's relationships, hopes, or plans that remain after they have been spoiled
wreckage of
She still hoped to salvage something from the wreckage of her marriage.
o‧bei‧sance [uncountable and countable]literary
respect and obedience to someone or something, often shown by bending your head or the upper part of your body
make/pay obeisance (to somebody/something)
They made obeisance to the sultan.

o‧bei‧sance [uncountable and countable]literary#

respect and obedience to someone or something, often shown by bending your head or the upper part of your body

make/pay obeisance (to somebody/something)
They made obeisance to the sultan.

pro‧strate2#

1

prostrate yourself

to lie on your front with your face towards the ground, especially as an act of religiousworship or as a sign of your willingness to obey someone

 

2 [transitive usually passive]to make someone too shocked, upset, or weak to be able to do anything

un‧nerve [transitive]#

to upset or frighten someone so that they lose their confidence or their ability to think clearly:
He was unnerved by the way Sylvia kept staring at him.

de‧tain [transitive]#

1SCto officially prevent someone from leaving a place:
Two suspects have beendetainedby the policefor questioning.
She was detained in hospital with a suspected broken leg.
2 [usually passive]formalto stop someone from leaving as soon as they expected [= delay]:
He was detained in Washington on urgent business.

ex‧pel past tense and past participle expelled, present participle expelling [transitive]#

1to officially force someone to leave a school or organization [↪ expulsion]
expel somebody from something
Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs.
The main opposition leader was expelled from her party.
expel somebody for doing something
He was expelled for making racist remarks.
2to force a foreigner to leave a country, especially because they have broken the law or for political reasons
expel somebody from something
Foreign priests were expelled from the country.
expel somebody for something
Three diplomats were expelled for spying.
3HBHTto force air, water, or gas etc out of your body or out of a container

in‧au‧gu‧rate [transitive]#

1PGOto hold an official ceremony when someone starts doing an important job in government
inaugurate somebody as something
On 8 January 1959 De Gaulle was inaugurated as First President of the Republic.
2PGOto open a building or start an organization, event etc for the first time:
The Turner Prize was inaugurated in 1984.
3formalif an event inaugurates an important change or period of time, it comes at the beginning of it:
The International Trade Agreement inaugurated a period of high economic growth.
—inaugurationnoun [uncountable and countable]
President Hoover's inauguration

 

 

 

FEB 2010-8. The book of jobs#

spec‧u‧la‧tion [uncountable and countable]#

1when you guess about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts, or the guesses that you make
speculation that
There is speculation that the president is ill.

speculation about/on

speculation about the future

 

the witness's statement waspure speculation (=not based on any facts)
wild/idle speculation (=speculation that is unlikely to be true)
2BFBBwhen you try to make a large profit by buying goods, property,shares etc and then selling them:
property speculation

verge2#

verge on/upon something

phrasal verb
to be very close to a harmful or extreme state:
Many of Lewis's activitiesverged on theillegal.
Some of his ideas areverging on thedangerous.
His love of James Dean movies verged on fanaticism.

trep‧i‧da‧tion [uncountable]#

a feeling of anxiety or fear about something that is going to happen:
With some trepidation, I opened the door.

a new lease of life#

especially British Englisha new lease on life American English

a) if something has a new lease of life, it is changed or repaired so that it can continue:
Historic buildings can have a new lease of life through conversion.
b) if someone has a new lease of life, they become healthy, active, or happy again after being weak, ill, or tired:
an operation to give her a new lease of life

wield [transitive]#

1wield power/influence/authority etc
to have a lot of power or influence, and to use it:

The Church wields immense power in Ireland.
2to hold a weapon or tool that you are going to use:
She had her car windows smashed by a gang wielding baseball bats.

flop2#

1 [countable]informala film, play, product etc that is not successful [≠ hit]
disastrous/spectacular etc flop
The film was a complete flop.

something on steroids#

American Englishinformalused to say that something is much bigger, stronger, more impressive etc than something else that is similar to it - used humorously:
They sell cinnamon rolls on steroids.

plunge1#

1 [intransitive,transitive always + adverb/preposition]to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards
plunge off/into etc
Her car swerved and plunged off the cliff.
Both the climbers hadplunged totheirdeaths.
2 [intransitive]if a price, rate etc plunges, it suddenly decreases by a large amount:
The unemployment rate plunged sharply.
In the recession, the company's profits plunged 60%.
3 [intransitive]literaryif a ship plunges, it moves violently up and down because of big waves

plunge in #

phrasal verb
1to start talking or doing something quickly and confidently, especially without thinking about it first:
It's a difficult situation. You can't just plunge in and put everything right.
'I don't agree,' she said, plunging into the conversation.
2to jump ordive into water:
He stripped off and plunged into the sea.
3

plunge something ↔ in#

alsoplunge something into somethingto push something firmly and deeply into something else:
He open the bag and plunged his hand in.
Plunge the pasta into boiling water.
Repeatedly sheplungedtheknifeinto his chest.

plunge (somebody/something) into something #

phrasal verb
to suddenly experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, or to make someone or something do this:
A strike would plunge the country into chaos.
The house was suddenlyplunged into darkness.
After the war, the family plunged into debt.

JAN 2010-7. Steve Jobs and the iPad of hope#

he‧ro‧ics [plural]#

brave actions or words, often ones that are meant to seem impressive to other people:
America's present need is not heroics, but calm diplomacy.

in‧ti‧mate1#

 

1

restaurant/meal/place

private and friendly so that you feel comfortable:

the intimate atmosphere of a country pub
an intimate meal for two
The collection has been moved from itsintimate settingto the British Museum.

 

2

friends

having an extremely close friendship:
an intimate friend of Picasso's
an intimate relationship
She'son intimate terms withpeople in government.
3

intimate knowledge of something

very detailed knowledge of something as a result of careful study or a lot of experience:
his intimate knowledge of the coal industry
4

private

relating to very private or personal matters:
the publication ofintimate detailsof their affair

5

sex

formal

a) relating to sex:
The virus can only be transmitted through intimate contact.
b)

be intimate with somebody

to have sex with someone

 

6

intimate link/connection etc

a very close connection between two things:
the intimate connection between physical and mental health

 

compelling reason/argument/case etc#

an argument etc that makes you feel certain that something is true or that you must do something about it:

Lucy had no compelling reason to go into town.
The court was presented withcompelling evidencethat she'd murdered her husband.

e‧lude [transitive]#

1to escape from someone or something, especially by tricking them [= avoid]:
He eluded his pursuers by escaping into a river.
2if something that you want eludes you, you fail to find or achieve it:
She took the exam again, but again success eluded her.
3if a fact or the answer to a problem eludes you, you cannot remember or solve it [= escape]:
The exact terminology eludes me for the moment.

hith‧er‧toformal#

up to this time:
a species of fishhitherto unknownin the West

sleek1#

1a vehicle or other object that is sleek has a smooth attractive shape:
thesleek linesof the new Mercedes
2sleek hair or fur is straight, shiny, and healthy-looking
3someone who is sleek looks rich and is well dressed

fer‧vent#

believing or feeling something very strongly and sincerely:
a fervent appeal for peace
fervent admirer/believer etc
a fervent supporter of human rights

put somebody/something off #

phrasal verb

1

put something ↔ off

to delay doing something or to arrange to do something at a later time or date, especially because there is a problem or you do not want to do it now [= delay, procrastinate]:
The match has been put off until tomorrow because of bad weather.
put off doing something
I put off going to the doctor but I wish I hadn't.

clunk‧y#

heavy and awkward to wear or use:
clunky old shoes

lime‧light [singular, uncountable]#

a situation in which someone receives a lot of attention, especially from newspapers, television etc
in/out of the limelight
Tad loves being in the limelight.
The president's wife wanted to stay out of the limelight.
She's afraid this new actor willsteal the limelightfrom her.
his few moments of limelight in front of the cameras

con‧verge [intransitive] convergent#

1to come from different directions and meet at the same point to become one thing [≠ diverge]:
The two rivers converge into one near Pittsburgh.

2if groups of people converge in a particular place, they come there from many different places and meet together to form a large crowd

converge on
Reporters converged on the scene.

 

3if different ideas or aims converge, they become the same [≠ diverge]:
Cultural beliefs about the role of women converge with government policies.
 

JAN 2010-6. Off-base camp#

Gaul#

an area of western Europe in Roman times which included France, Belgium, the southern part of the Netherlands, southwest Germany, and part of North Italy

un‧der‧mine [transitive]#

to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective:
economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system
undermine somebody's confidence/authority/position/credibility etc
The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence.

plau‧si‧ble#

1reasonable and likely to be true or successful [≠ implausible]:
His story certainly sounds plausible.
a plausible explanation
2someone who is plausible is good at talking in a way that sounds reasonable and truthful, although they may in fact be lying:
a plausible liar

lo‧gis‧tics [plural]#

the practical arrangements that are needed in order to make a plan that involves a lot of people and equipment successful:
the day-to-day logistics involved with mining
logistics of
the logistics of travelling with small children

re‧it‧e‧rate [transitive]#

formalto repeat a statement or opinion in order to make your meaning as clear as possible [= restate]:
Let me reiterate the most important points.

thor‧ough#

1including every possible detail [↪ thoroughly]:
The doctor gave him a thorough check-up.
a thorough and detailed biography
The police investigation was very thorough.
thorough notes of the meeting
2 [not usually before noun]careful to do things properly so that you avoid mistakes:
The screening of applicants must be thorough.

3 a thorough pest/nuisance/mess

British Englishused to emphasize the bad qualities of someone or something

—thoroughnessnoun [uncountable]

dis‧missW3 [transitive]#

1to refuse to consider someone's idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, or important:
The government has dismissed criticisms that the country's health policy is a mess.
dismiss something as something
He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.
It's an idea that shouldn't bedismissed out of hand (=dismissed immediately and completely).
2BEto remove someone from their job [= fire, sack]
dismiss somebody for something
Employees can be dismissed for sending obscene emails.

slop‧py#

1not done carefully or thoroughly [= careless]:
sloppy work
His written reports are incredibly sloppy.
2sloppy clothes are loose-fitting, untidy, or dirty:
Ann was dressed in a sloppy brown sweater.
3expressing feelings of love too strongly and in a silly way [= slushy]:
The film is a sloppy romance.
4not solid enough:
sloppy jelly

de‧plete [transitive usually passive]#

to reduce the amount of something that is present or available:
Salmon populations have beenseverely depleted.
—depletionnoun [uncountable]
the depletion of the ozone layer

JAN 2010-5. #

em‧bark [intransitive and transitive]#

TTWto go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a ship or plane [≠ disembark]

breath‧tak‧ing#

very impressive, exciting, or surprising:
The view from my bedroom window was absolutely breathtaking.
an act of breathtaking arrogance

plu‧ral‧is‧m [uncountable]formal#

RRwhen people of many different races, religions, and political beliefs live together in the same society, or the belief that this can happen successfully:
a nation characterized bycultural pluralism

cro‧ny plural cronies [countable usually plural]#

one of a group of people who spend a lot of time with each other - used to show disapproval
somebody's cronies
the senator's political cronies.

sway1#

1 [intransitive]to move slowly from one side to another:
The trees swayed gently in the breeze.
2 [transitive]to influence someone so that they change their opinion:
Don't allow yourself to be swayed by his promises.

nui‧sanceS3#

1 [countable usually singular]a person, thing, or situation that annoys you or causes problems
a real/awful/terrible etc nuisance
The dogs next door are a real nuisance.
What a nuisance!British English
What a nuisance! I've forgotten my ticket.
I hate to be a nuisance.../Sorry to be a nuisance...
I hate to be a nuisance, but could you move your car to the other side of the street?
Stopmaking a nuisance of yourself (=annoying other people with your behaviour)!
It's a nuisancehaving to get up that early on a Sunday morning.
2 [uncountable and countable]lawSCLthe use of a place or property in a way that causes public annoyance:
The nightclub has been declared apublic nuisance.

mastermind2 [transitive]#

to think of, plan, and organize a large, important, and difficult operation:
The project was masterminded by Morris, then aged 29.
Ridley, as commerce secretary, masterminded the privatisation.

com‧mem‧o‧rate [transitive]#

to do something to show that you remember and respect someone important or an important event in the past:
a parade to commemorate the town's bicentenary

plea#

1 [countable]a request that is urgent or full of emotion
plea for
a plea for help
Caldwellmadeapleafor donations.
plea to
The parents made an emotional plea to their child's kidnappers.

 2 [countable usually singular]a statement by someone in a court of law saying whether they are guilty or not:

a guilty plea

an‧o‧dyne1formal#

expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyone [= bland]:
anodyne topics of conversation

un‧e‧quiv‧o‧calformal#

completely clear and without any possibility of doubt:
His answer was an unequivocal 'No.'

prox‧y1 plural proxies#

1by proxy
if you do something by proxy, you arrange for someone else to do it for you:
You can vote by proxy.
2 [uncountable and countable]someone who you choose to represent you, especially to vote for you
proxy for
a husband acting as proxy for his wife
3 [countable + for]formalsomething used to represent something else that you want to measure

shell‧ing [uncountable]#

PMthe firing of shells from large guns

shelling of
the shelling of villages
weeks ofheavy shelling

in‧tel‧li‧genceS3W3 [uncountable]#

2

a) PMPGinformation about the secret activities of foreign governments, the military plans of an enemy etc:

According to our intelligence, further attacks were planned.
intelligence operations/sources/reports etc
Intelligence sources denied the reports.

 

b) PMPGa group of people or an organization that gathers this information for their government
intelligence agencies/services etc
In Britain there are three main intelligence organizations.
US Military Intelligence

pres‧tige1 [uncountable]#

the respect and admiration that someone or something gets because of their success or important position in society
prestige of
the prestige of having your work shown at a top London gallery
The king wanted toenhancehisprestigethrough war.
This little-known British firm has nowgainedconsiderableprestige.
the personal prestige attached to owning a large property

prel‧ude [countable]#

1

a prelude to something

if an event is a prelude to a more important event, it happens just before it and makes people expect it:
Living together as a prelude to marriage is now considered acceptable in many countries.
2APMa short piece of music, especially one played at the beginning of a longer musical piece or before a church ceremony:
Chopin's preludes
an organ prelude

re‧count1 [transitive]#

formalto tell someone a story or describe a series of events
recount how/what
Alan recounted how he and Joyce had met.

clar‧i‧ty [uncountable]#

1the clarity of a piece of writing, law, argument etc is its quality of being expressed clearly [↪ clear]:
Letters may be edited for length and clarity.
a lack of clarity in the law on property rights

poised#

1 [not before noun]not moving, but ready to move or do something at any moment
poised for
She waited by the door like a small animal poised for flight.
poised on
His finger was poised on the camera's shutter release.
poised to do something
He stood on the edge of the roof, poised to jump.
2 [not before noun]completely ready to do something or for something to happen, when it is likely to happen soon
poised to do something
Spain was poised to become the dominant power in Europe.
poised on the brink/edge of something
The economy is poised on the edge of collapse.

in‧tri‧guing#

something that is intriguing is very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected:
The magazine carries an intriguing mixture of high fashion, gossip and racing.

hes‧i‧tan‧cyalsohes‧i‧tance [uncountable]#

when someone is uncertain or slow in doing or saying something

al‧be‧itformal#

used to add information that reduces the force or importance of what you have just said [= although]:
He accepted the job, albeit with some hesitation.
Chris went with her, albeit reluctantly.

ten‧ta‧tive#

1not definite or certain, and may be changed later [= provisional; ≠ definite]:
I passed on mytentative conclusionsto the police.
The government is takingtentative stepstowards tackling the country's economic problems.
2done without confidence [= hesitant]:
a tentative smile

es‧ca‧late [intransitive and transitive]#

1if fighting, violence, or a bad situation escalates, or if someone escalates it, it becomes much worse
escalate into
Her fear was escalating into panic.
The fighting on the border is escalating.
We do not want to escalate the war.
2to become higher or increase, or to make something do this:
The costs were escalating alarmingly.
policies that escalate their own costs
escalating crime

grip2 past tense and past participle gripped, present participle gripping#

1

hold tightly

[transitive]to hold something very tightly:
I gripped the rail and tried not to look down.
grip something tightly/firmly
The woman moved closer to Beth, gripping her arm tightly.
2

have a strong effect

[transitive]to have a strong effect on someone or something:
a country gripped by economic problems
Panic suddenly gripped me when it was my turn to speak.

caus‧tic#

1HCa caustic substance can burn through things by chemical action:

caustic soda (=a chemical used for cleaning things)
2a caustic remark criticizes someone in a way that is unkind but often cleverly humorous
caustic wit/comments/remark etc
Eliot appreciated Pound's caustic wit.

fore‧stall [transitive]formal#

to prevent something from happening or prevent someone from doing something by doing something first:
a measure intended to forestall further attacks

cripple2 [transitive]#

1MIold-fashionedto hurt someone badly so that they cannot walk properly [= disable]:
She was crippled in a car accident.
2to damage something badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effective:
Industry is being crippled by high interest rates.

feud2 [intransitive]#

to continue quarrelling for a long time, often in a violent way
feud (with somebody) over something
The neighboring states are feuding over the rights to the river.

com‧pla‧cent#

pleased with a situation, especially something you have achieved, so that you stop trying to improve or change things - used to show disapproval:
There's a danger of becoming complacent if you win a few games.
acomplacent attitudetowards the problem
complacent about
We simply cannot afford to be complacent about the future of our car industry.

scru‧ti‧ny [uncountable]#

careful and thorough examination of someone or something
careful/close scrutiny
Careful scrutiny of the company's accounts revealed a whole series of errors.
Their activities havecome underpolicescrutiny.

con‧cede#

1

admit something is true

[intransitive and transitive]to admit that something is true or correct, although you wish it were not true [↪ concession]:
'That's the only possible solution.' 'Yes, I suppose so,' Charles conceded.
concede (that)
I conceded that I had made a number of errors.

out‧right1 [only before noun]#

1clear and direct:
an outright refusal
an outright attack on his actions
2complete and total:
an outright victory
an outright ban on the sale of tobacco

3

the outright winner/victor

someone who has definitely and easily won

crack‧down [countable usually singular]#

action that is taken to deal more strictly with crime, a problem, protests etc
crackdown on/against
a military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations
the government's crackdown against drugs
 

JAN 2010-4. Reaching the poorest#

patch‧y#

1DNhappening or existing in some areas but not in others:

patchy fog

 

budge [intransitive,transitive usually in negatives]#

1to move, or to make someone or something move:
She leaned on the door, but it wouldn't budge.
budge from
Will hasn't budged from his room all day.

The horse refused tobudge an inch.

2to change your opinion, or to make someone change their opinion:

The government has refused to budge.

 

chunk [countable]#

1a large thick piece of something that does not have an even shape:
ice chunks
chunk of
a chunk of bread

caste [uncountable and countable]#

1SSone of the fixed social classes, which cannot be changed, into which people are born in India:
the caste system
2a group of people who have the same position in society

di‧spar‧i‧ty plural disparities [uncountable and countable]formal#

a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one [↪ parity]
disparity in/between
a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women

sit#

exams

[intransitive and transitive]British Englishto take an examination:

Tracy's sitting her GCSEs this year.
sit for
They were preparing children to sit for the entry examination.

floun‧der1 [intransitive]#

1to not know what to say or do because you feel confused or upset:
I found myself floundering as I tried to answer her questions.
'I'm sorry,' shefloundered helplessly.
2to have a lot of problems and be likely to fail completely:
More and more firms are floundering because of the recession.

pu‧pilS2W1 [countable]#

1especiallyBritish EnglishSESsomeone who is being taught, especially a child:
About 20 pupils study music here.
staff and pupils
astar pupil (=a very good one)
a third-grade pupil
➔ see usage notestudent
2HBHthe small black round area in the middle of your eye [↪ iris]

JAN 2010-3. Mad, bad and dangerous to know#

fol‧ly plural follies#

 

1 [uncountable and countable] formal a very stupid thing to do, especially one that is likely to have serious results:

Somerville bitterly regretted his folly at becoming involved.

it would be folly to do something

It would be sheer folly to reduce spending on health education.
the follies of aristocratic society

2 [countable]AATBB an unusual building that was built in the past as a decoration, not to be used or lived in

af‧flic‧tion [uncountable and countable] formal#

something that causes pain or suffering, especially a medical condition:

the afflictions of old age

lop also lop off past tense and past participle lopped, present participle lopping [transitive]#

1DLGalsolop offto cut something, especially branches from a tree, usually with a single strong movement [= chop, chop off]:
Workmen have lopped off more branches in an effort to save the tree.
2alsolop offto reduce an amount, especially of money, by a particular amount:
They lopped £16 off the price.
lop something from something
Citicorp plans to lop $1.5 billion a year from its operating costs.

tame2 [transitive]#

1to reduce the power or strength of something and prevent it from causing trouble:
The Prime Minister managed to tame the trade unions.
2to train a wild animal to obey you and not to attack people [= domesticate]:
The Asian elephant can be tamed and trained.

fra‧grant#

COhaving a pleasant smell:
fragrant flowers

cen‧te‧na‧ry plural centenariesespecially British Englishalsocen‧ten‧ni‧alespecially American English [countable]#

TMCthe day or year exactly 100 years after a particular event
centenary of
a concert to mark the centenary of the composer's birth

late#

5 [the late, one’s late] 최근에 죽은, 고(故)…
   my late father 선친

mon‧e‧tizealso monetise British English [transitive]technical#

to change governmentbonds and debts into money

at‧tain [transitive]formal#

1to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time:
More women are attaining positions of power.
2to reach a particular level, age, size etc:
Share prices attained a high of $3.27.
After a year she had attained her ideal weight.

fur‧nish [transitive]#

1to put furniture and other things into a house or room:
Having bought the house, they couldn't afford to furnish it.
furnish something with something
a room furnished with a desk and swivel chair

2formalto supply or provide something:

Will these finds furnish more information on prehistoric man?
furnish somebody/something with something
John was furnished with a list of local solicitors.

clan‧des‧tine#

done or kept secret:
a clandestine affair
clandestine meetings

co‧hort [countable]#

1someone's cohorts are their friends who support them and stay loyal to them - used in order to show disapproval:
Mark and his cohorts eventually emerged from the studio.
2technicala group of people of the same age, social class etc, especially when they are being studied:
a cohort of 386 patients aged 65 plus

fan out#

phrasal verb

1if a group of people fan out, they walk forwards while spreading over a wide area

2fan something ↔ out
to spread out a group of things that you are holding so that they make a half-circle:

Fan the cards out, then pick one.

3if something such as hair or clothing fans out, it spreads out in many directions

 

in‧mate [countable]#

SCJsomeone who is being kept in a prison

chick [countable]#

1HBBa baby bird:
a mother hen with her chicks
2informala word meaning a young woman, that some people think is offensive

flur‧ry plural flurries#

1 [singular]a time when there is suddenly a lot of activity and people are very busy
flurry of
After a quiet spell there was a sudden flurry of phone calls.
The day started with aflurry of activity.
2 [countable]DNa small amount of snow or rain that is blown by the wind
flurry of
He opens the door and a flurry of snow blows in.
Snow flurries are expected overnight.

mea‧greBritish English ; meager American English#

a meagre amount of food, money etc is too small and is much less than you need:
a meagre diet of bread and beans
meagre income/earnings/wages etc
He supplements his meager income by working on Saturdays.
a school withmeagre resources

petty bourgeoisalso petit bourgeois#

1SSpaying too much attention to things such as social position, money, and possessions - used to show disapproval
2SSbelonging to the group of lowermiddle class people

JAN 2010-2. Flowers for a funeral#

cen‧sor‧ship [uncountable]#

the practice or system of censoring something:
censorship of books

ep‧i‧taph [countable]#

ALMXa short piece of writing on the stone over someone's grave (=place in the ground where someone is buried)

long-haul#

TTA

long-haul flight/route/destination etc

a long-haul flight etc is over a very long distance [≠ short-haul]

pull out#

2remove

[transitive]to use force to take something from the place where it is fixed or held:

She has to have two teeth pulled.
pull something out/off/away etc
Vicky had pulled the arm off her doll.

al‧leged [only before noun]formal#

an alleged crime, fact etc is one that someone says has happened or is true, although it has not been proved

their alleged involvement in international terrorism
Thealleged victimmade the complaint at a police station in York.

 

far-reaching#

having a great influence or effect
far-reaching reforms/proposals/changes
The country carried out far-reaching reforms to modernize its economy.
far-reaching implications/impact/effects
Tourism has had far-reaching effects on the island's culture.

in‧fu‧ri‧ate [transitive]#

to make someone extremely angry:
Her actions infuriated her mother.
It infuriatedhimthatBeth was with another man.

o‧blique1#

1not expressed in a direct way [= indirect]:
anoblique referenceto his drinking problem
2not looking, pointing etc directly at something:
an oblique glance

3

oblique line/stroke etc

AVDa sloping line etc

 

4

oblique angle

technicalHMan angle that is not 90 degrees

 

—obliquelyadverb

word‧ed#

carefully/clearly/strongly etc worded

using words that express an idea carefully or clearly:
a carefully worded question
a strongly worded letter

finger-pointing [uncountable]#

when people blame other people for something that has gone wrong, instead of trying to solve the problem:
There followed months of name-calling and finger-pointing.

mul‧ti‧na‧tion‧al1#

1BBCa multinational company has factories, offices, and business activities in many different countries:
a multinational media corporation
2PGinvolving people from several countries:
the UN's multinational peace-keeping force

breach2 [transitive]#

1to break a law, rule, or agreement [= break]:
The company accused him of breaching his contract.
2to break a hole in a wall that is intended to protect a place:
The storm had breached the sea wall in two places.

scam [countable]informal#

a clever but dishonest way to get money:
He got involved in a credit card scam.

fea‧si‧ble#

a plan, idea, or method that is feasible is possible and is likely to work:
a feasible solution
economically/technically/politically etc feasible
It was no longer financially feasible to keep the community centre open.

pre‧su‧ma‧blyS1W3#

used to say that you think something is probably true:
It's raining, which presumably means that your football match will be cancelled.
[sentence adverb]
He's dead now, presumably?

in‧ter‧mit‧tent#

stopping and starting often and for short periods [= sporadic]:
The weather forecast is for sun, with intermittent showers.
dwarf3 [transitive usually passive]
to be so big that other things are made to seem very small:
The cathedral is dwarfed by the surrounding skyscrapers.

dent2#

1 [intransitive and transitive]if you dent something, or if it dents, you hit or press it so that its surface is bent inwards:
No one was injured, but the car was scratched and dented.
2 [transitive]to damage or harm something:
The scandal has dented his reputation.
ac‧qui‧es‧cent
too ready to agree with someone or do what they want, without complaining or saying what you want to do

norS2W1#

1

neither ... nor ...

used when mentioning two things that are not true or do not happen:
He can neither read nor write. (=he cannot read or write)
Hilary was neither shocked nor surprised by the news.
Neither Matt nor Julie said anything.
2formalused after a negative statement in order to introduce another negative statement containing a similar kind of information:
I don't expect children to be rude, nor do I expect to be disobeyed.
It was not my fault, nor his.

war‧y#

someone who is wary is careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful
be wary of (doing) something
I'm a bit wary of driving in this fog.
wary of
We must teach children to be wary of strangers.
Keep a wary eye onthe weather before you set sail.
She had a wary expression on her face.

un‧pre‧ce‧dent‧ed#

never having happened before, or never having happened so much:

Hetooktheunprecedented stepof stating that the rumours were false.
Crime has increasedon an unprecedented scale.
unprecedented in
an event that is unprecedented in recent history

ac‧qui‧es‧cent#

too ready to agree with someone or do what they want, without complaining or saying what you want to do

scru‧ti‧ny [uncountable]#

careful and thorough examination of someone or something

careful/close scrutiny
Careful scrutiny of the company's accounts revealed a whole series of errors.
Their activities havecome underpolicescrutiny.

crack‧down [countable usually singular]#

action that is taken to deal more strictly with crime, a problem, protests etc
crackdown on/against
a military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations
the government's crackdown against drugs

dis‧sent1#

1 [uncountable]PPrefusal to agree with an official decision or accepted opinion [= opposition; ↪ consent, assent]:
the ruthless suppression of political dissent
Thesevoices of dissentgrew louder.
2 [countable]lawSCLa statement by a judge giving their reasons for disagreeing with the other judges in a law case

vig‧i‧lance [uncountable]#

careful attention that you give to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity:
the need for increased police vigilance

un‧scathed [not before noun]#

not injured or harmed by something escape/emerge unscathed

He escaped unscathed from the accident.

The government wasrelatively unscathedby the scandal

trawl1 [intransitive and transitive]#

1to search through a lot of documents, lists etc in order to find out information
trawl through
I'll have to trawl through all my lecture notes again.
trawl for
She spent the morning in the library, trawling for information for her project.
2TAto fish by pulling a special wide net behind a boat

trans‧gress [intransitive and transitive]formal#

to do something that is against the rules of social behaviour or against a moral principle:
Orton's plays transgress accepted social norms.

tack1#

1nail

[countable]Da small nail with a sharp point and a flat top

 

2pin

[countable]American EnglishDa short pin with a large round flat top, for attaching notices to boards, walls etc [= thumbtack; = drawing pin BrE]

 

3way of doing something

[uncountable and countable]the way you deal with a particular situation or a method that you use to achieve something:

If that doesn't work, we'll trya different tack.
Rudychanged tack, his tone suddenly becoming friendly.

thwart [transitive]formal#

to prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do:
Fierce opposition thwarted the government's plans.
thwarted ambition

im‧ma‧te‧ri‧al#

1not important in a particular situation [= irrelevant]:
If you sign a document, it is wholly immaterial whether you have read it carefully or not.
2formalnot having a physical body or form:
our immaterial soul

ex‧cuse2S3 [countable]#

1a reason that you give to explain careless or offensive behaviour
excuse for (doing) something
What's your excuse for being late this time?
I'm tired of listening to his excuses.
Fay's alwaysmaking excuses forher husband's odd behavior.
I'm sure Mikehasa goodexcusefor not coming.
lame/feeble/pathetic excuse
That's a lame excuse.

 men‧tion1S1W1 [transitive]#

1to talk or write about something or someone, usually quickly and without saying very much or giving details:

Was my name mentioned at all?
Some of the problems were mentioned in his report.
mention something to somebody
I mentioned the idea to Joan, and she seemed to like it.
mention (that)
He mentioned that he was having problems, but he didn't explain.

ad‧ept#

good at something that needs care and skill [= skilful]
adept at
Melissa quickly became adept at predicting his moods.
adept in
Silas proved adept in the art of avoiding potholes in the road.
I'm afraid she's also an adept liar.

trib‧ute [uncountable and countable]#

1something that you say, do, or give in order to express your respect or admiration for someone:
The players wore black armbands as a tribute to their late teammate.
I'd like topay tribute to (=praise and admire publicly)the party workers for all their hard work.

dis‧suade [transitive]#

to persuade someone not to do something [≠ persuade]
dissuade somebody from (doing) something
a campaign to dissuade young people from smoking
 

 

JAN 2010-1. Hell on earth#

un‧leash [transitive]#

1to suddenly let a strong force, feeling etc have its full effect:

Lefèvre's comments unleashed a wave of protest.
2DHPto let a dog run free after it has been held on aleash

vul‧ne‧ra‧bleW3#

1someone who is vulnerable can be easily harmed or hurt:
He took advantage of me when I was at my most vulnerable.
We work mainly with the elderly and other vulnerable groups.
be vulnerable to something
Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home.
2a place, thing, or idea that is vulnerable is easy to attack or criticize
vulnerable to
The fort was vulnerable to attack from the north.

Their theories were badly thought out and very vulnerable to ridicule.

 

map2mapping [transitive]#

1TCto make a map of a particular area:
He spent the next fifteen years mapping the Isle of Anglesey.
2TMto discover or show information about something, especially about its shape or arrangement, or how it moves or works:
The points at which stress and anxiety emerge can be mapped.
 

heart‧rend‧ing#

making you feel great pity [= heartbreaking]:
heartrending stories of children being taken from their parents

rub‧ble [uncountable]#

TBCbroken stones or bricks from a building or wall that has been destroyed

oust [transitive]#

to force someone out of a position of power, especially so that you can take their place

oust somebody from something
The Communists were finally ousted from power.

despot#

폭군

subsistence farming#

생계를 위한 농업

vi‧talW2#

1extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist [= crucial]COLLOCATIONS COLLOCATIONS
absolutely vital it is vital that it is vital to do something of vital importance (=very important) play a vital role/part (in something) vital part/piece/element/component/ingredient vital information/evidence/clue

The work she does isabsolutely vital.
vital to
These measures are vital to national security.
vital for
Regular exercise is vital for your health.
it is vital (that)
It is vital that you keep accurate records.
it is vital to do something
It is vital to keep accurate records.
It is vital to be honest with your children.
The tourist industry is ofvital importanceto the national economy.
Richardson played avital rolein the team's success.
The samples could give scientistsvital informationabout long-term changes in the earth's atmosphere.

 

2full of energy in a way that is exciting and attractive:
Rodgers and Hart's music sounds as fresh and vital as the day it was written.
3 [only before noun]HBHnecessary in order to keep you alive:
the body's vital processes
vital organs (=heart, lungs etc)

4 vital signs

medicalthe signs that show someone is alive, for example breathing and body temperature

un‧wa‧ver‧ing#

an unwavering attitude, belief, expression etc does not change:
an unwavering stare
unwavering support

pull together phrasal verb#

1if a group of people pull together, they all work hard to achieve something:
If we all pull together, we'll finish on time.
2pull yourself togetherto force yourself to stop behaving in a nervous, frightened, or uncontrolled way:
With an effort Mary pulled herself together.
3pull something togetherto improve something by organizing it more effectively:
We need an experienced manager to pull the department together.

 

 

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Last edited on 02/23/2010 07:23 by c329457

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